| Sources |
- [S78] World Family Tree, (Name: Family Tree Maker;).
- [S5142] Find a Grave - US Index (Famous), General HOOD John Bell 1831-1879 (Veteran) - Lt General of the Confederacy.
Civil War Confederate Lieutenant General. He was born John Bell Hood on June 29, 1831, the son of a rural doctor in Owingsville, Kentucky. He was raised in the bluegrass region of central Kentucky near the town of Mt. Sterling. Against the wishes of his father, who had urged him to pursue a medical career, John Bell obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West point in 1849 and graduated 44th out of 52 in the class of 1853. After receiving his commission as a brevet second lieutenant in the United States Army, Hood served in the cavalry in California and Texas. After the outbreak of the Civil War, Hood resigned his commission and enlisted in the Confederate Army, receiving a commission as a lieutenant. Hood rose rapidly, and on March 7, 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier General in command of the renowned Texas Brigade. The Texas Brigade's heroics saved the Confederate left flank at Antietam in September 1862, after which Hood would be promoted to Major General. Hood was severely wounded at Gettysburg, losing use of his left arm. After recovering, Hood was assigned to the Army of Tennessee. On September 18, 1863, he rejoined his division for the Battle of Chickamauga. Hood's forces broke through the Federal battle line, which led to the rout of the Yankees. During the battle Hood received wounds that resulted in the amputation of his right leg. In September, 1863 Hood was recommended for promotion to lieutenant general for his decisive role in the Confederate victory at Chickamauga. Hood developed a close personal relationship with fellow Kentuckian President Jefferson Davis while recovering from his Chickamauga wound in Richmond during the winter of 1863-1864. Hood was offered a position as a corps commander under Johnston. On February 4, 1864 Hood arrived in Dalton, Georgia and assumed a corps command in the Army of Tennessee under Johnston. After a series of defensive battles in which Sherman prevailed, Union forces continued to march toward Atlanta, and the Confederate government and high command grew more frustrated and alarmed. President Davis ultimately determined that Hood should replace Johnston as commander of the Army of Tennessee. Hood wasted no time in launching the first of four major offensives designed to break Sherman's siege of Atlanta. However, the disjointed attacks by separate Confederate corps' were ineffective and resulted in a decisive Union victory. Hoping to save his army, Hood evacuated Atlanta on September 2, 1864. Hood would continue to harass Sherman's supply and communications lines, but could do nothing to stop the infamous “march to the sea.” Hood then launched his ill-fated invasion of Tennessee, suffering decisive defeats at Franklin on Nov. 30 and at Nashville on Dec. 16. Retreating with the shattered remnants of the Army of Tennessee into northern Mississippi, Hood resigned his command on January 23, 1865. During the waning days of the Confederacy, Hood was ordered by Jefferson Davis to travel to Texas and attempt to raise an army. However, after learning of Lee’s surrender and the capture of Davis, Hood surrendered to Federal authorities in Natchez, Mississippi on May 31, 1865. After the war Hood prospered for a time in the cotton brokerage and insurance businesses in New Orleans. He married a local woman and fathered eleven children over the next 10 years, including three sets of twins. Hood’s modest fortune was wiped out during the winter of 1878-1879 by a yellow fever epidemic that closed the New Orleans Cotton Exchange and bankrupted the local insurance industry. Later that year, on August 30, 1879, John Bell Hood died of yellow fever within days of his wife and oldest child. His ten orphaned children, all under the age of ten, were left destitute. They would ultimately be adopted by seven different families in Louisiana, New York, Mississippi, Georgia and Kentucky.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/4418/john_bell_hood
- [S1838] Wikipedia: John Bell Hood, (Name: Wikipedia;), John Bell Hood.
John Bell Hood (June 1[2] or June 29,[3] 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Although brave, Hood's impetuosity led to high losses among his troops as he moved up in rank. Bruce Catton wrote that "the decision to replace Johnston with Hood was probably the single largest mistake that either government made during the war." Hood's education at the United States Military Academy led to a career as a junior officer in the infantry and cavalry of the antebellum U.S. Army in California and Texas. At the start of the Civil War, he offered his services to his adopted state of Texas. He achieved his reputation for aggressive leadership as a brigade commander in the army of Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days Battles in 1862, after which he was promoted to division command. He led a division under James Longstreet in the campaigns of 1862–63. At the Battle of Gettysburg, he was severely wounded, rendering his left arm useless for the rest of his life. Transferred with many of Longstreet's troops to the Western Theater, Hood led a massive assault into a gap in the U.S. line at the Battle of Chickamauga but was wounded again, requiring the amputation of his right leg.
Hood returned to field service during the Atlanta Campaign of 1864 and, at the age of 33, was promoted to temporary full general and command of the Army of Tennessee at the outskirts of Atlanta, making him the youngest soldier on either side of the war to be given command of an army. There, he dissipated his army in a series of bold, calculated, but unsuccessful assaults and was forced to evacuate the besieged city. Leading his men through Alabama and into Tennessee, his army was severely damaged in a massive frontal assault at the Battle of Franklin. He was decisively defeated at the Battle of Nashville by his former West Point instructor, Major General George Henry Thomas, after which he was relieved of command.
After the war, Hood moved to Louisiana and worked as a cotton broker and in the insurance business. His business was ruined by a yellow fever epidemic in New Orleans during the winter of 1878–79. He succumbed to the disease, dying just days after his wife and oldest child, leaving ten destitute orphans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bell_Hood
- [S1840] USWars: Battle of Chickamauga - My Civil War, (Name: USWars;), Battle of Chickamauga.
The Battle of Chickamauga
September 18-20, 1863 in Chickamauga, Georgia
https://www.mycivilwar.com/battles/630918.html
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History-Battle of Chickamauga (Civil War)
The Battle of Chickamauga September 18-20, 1863 in Chickamauga, Georgia Union Forces Commanded by Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans and Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas Strength-93,000, Killed-1,644, Wounded-9,262, Missing/Captured-4,945 Confederate Forces Commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg Strength-72,000, Killed-2,389, Wounded-13,412, … |
- [S1839] American Battlefields: Battle of Chickamauga, (Name: American Battlefield Trust; Location: Washington DC;), CIVIL WAR - Battle of Chickamauga.
The Confederate army secured a decisive victory at Chickamauga but lost 20 percent of its force in battle. After two days of fierce fighting, the Rebels broke through Union lines and forced the Federals into a siege at Chattanooga.
How it ended
Confederate victory. At the end of a summer that had seen disastrous Confederate losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the triumph of the Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga was a well-timed turn-around for the Confederates, but it came at a great cost. Chickamauga was the second bloodiest battle of the Civil War, ranking only behind Gettysburg, and was by far the deadliest battle in the Western Theater.
In context
The small city of Chattanooga, with 2,500 inhabitants, lay on the banks of the Tennessee River where it cut through the Appalachian Mountains. It was the crossroads for four major railroads. President Abraham Lincoln knew that if his army could capture Chattanooga, vital Confederate supply lines would be severed, and the war would be closer to an end.
In the summer of 1863, the Confederate army was reeling from a string of losses in the Western Theater, while the success of the Tullahoma Campaign bolstered the confidence of Union Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans. Targeting Chattanooga, Rosecrans outmaneuvered the Rebel army and forced Confederate general Braxton Bragg to relinquish control of the critical transportation hub without a fight.
Rosecrans assumed that Bragg’s demoralized army would retreat further south into Rome, Georgia. He divided his army into three corps and scattered them throughout Tennessee and Georgia. But Rosecrans made a mistake—Bragg had in fact concentrated his men at LaFayette, Georgia, where he was expecting reinforcements and was close to a vulnerable corps of Rosecrans’s army. When Bragg’s troops crossed Chickamauga Creek, the Federals had a fight on their hands.
Although Bragg’s original plan was the destruction of the Army of the Cumberland and the recapture of Chattanooga, the results of two days of bitter fighting at Chickamauga stalled him. He decided to occupy the heights surrounding Chattanooga and lay siege to the city instead. Just two months later, the reinforced Federals drove the Army of Tennessee from their positions around Chattanooga, permanently securing Northern control of the city. With that loss, the Southern victory at Chickamauga was turned into a strategic defeat.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/chickamauga
- [S1628] USWars: Battle of Gettysburg - My Civil War, (Name: USWars;), Battle of Gettysburg.
The Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
https://www.mycivilwar.com/battles/630701.html
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History-Battle of Gettysburg (Civil War)
The Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union Forces Commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade Strength-97,000, Killed-3,070, Wounded-14,497, Missing/Captured-5,434 Confederate Forces Commanded by Gen. Robert E. Lee Strength-75,000, Killed-2,592, Wounded-12,706, Missing/Captured-5,150 Conclusion:… |
- [S1627] American Battlefields: Battle of Gettysburg, (Name: American Battlefield Trust; Location: Washington DC; Date: 1-3 Jul 1863;), CIVIL WAR - Battle of Gettysburg.
The Battle of Gettysburg marked the turning point of the Civil War. With more than 50,000 estimated casualties, the three-day engagement was the bloodiest single battle of the conflict.
How it ended
Union victory. Gettysburg ended Confederate general Robert E. Lee’s ambitious second quest to invade the North and bring the Civil War to a swift end. The loss there dashed the hopes of the Confederate States of America to become an independent nation.
In context
After a year of defensive victories in Virginia, Lee’s objective was to win a battle north of the Mason-Dixon line in the hopes of forcing a negotiated end to the fighting. His loss at Gettysburg prevented him from realizing that goal. Instead, the defeated general fled south with a wagon train of wounded soldiers straining toward the Potomac. Union general Meade failed to pursue the retreating army, missing a critical opportunity to trap Lee and force a Confederate surrender. The bitterly divisive war raged on for another two years.
- [S8147] Find a Grave: FRENCH Theodosia Hood 1801-1886, Theodosia French Hood.
*Mother of General John Bell Hood*
Daughter of James French and Keziah Calloway
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13122599/theodosia_hood
- [S8148] Find a Grave: HOOD John W 1798-1857, Dr John Wills Hood.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13122603/john_wills_hood
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1831 - 1879 (48 years)
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