Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland Oliver Cromwell

1599 - 1658  (59 years)

• Name	Oliver Cromwell  [1, 2]
  Title	Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
  Birth	25 Apr 1599	Huntington, Herefordshire, England   [1, 2, 3]
  Baptism	Nov 1599	Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England   [1]
  Gender	Male
  Military - Old World	He entered the English Civil War on the side of the "Roundheads" or Parliamentarians. Nicknamed "Old Ironsides", he was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to become one of the principal commanders of the New Model Army  [3]
  Occupation	Cromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649  [3]
  		War-Execution Trial of Charles I From "Nalson's Record of the Trial of Charles I, 1688" in the British Museum. Taken by J. Nalson, L. L. D., Jan.4th, 1683 London, 1684, folio. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Court-charles-I-sm.jpg
  Occupation	Following the execution of King Charles I, the monarchy was abolished and he was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland  [3]
  		Statue of Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell statue outside the Palace of Westminster http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Cromwell_statue,_Westminster.jpg
  Religion	Puritan - his measures against Catholics in Scotland and Ireland have been characterised as genocidal or near-genocidal  [3]
  Death	3 Sep 1658	Huntington, Herefordshire, England   [1, 2, 3]
  Burial	Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England   [2, 3]
  	( after the Royalists returned to power in 1660 they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded)/Westminster Abbey
  		War-Execution of Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton The execution of the bodies of Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton, from a contemporary print http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Execution_of_Cromwell,_Bradshaw_and_Ireton,_1661.jpg
  		Tomb-CROMWELL Oliver On January 30, 1661, the anniversary of the execution of Charles I, Cromwell's body was exhumed and taken by sledge to Tyburn. The procession was greeted by the sounds of outcry and curses from the people. The corpse was hanged from the gallows for a day and at evening the body was buried beneath the gibbet. The head was taken to Westminster Hall,…
  Person ID	I8363	A Tree Called Smith
  Last Modified	21 Jul 2025

  
  

  Father	Robert William Cromwell,   b. 1560, Huntingdonshire, England d. 24 Jun 1617, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England (Age 57 years)
  Relationship	natural
  Mother	Elizabeth Stewart,   b. 28 Oct 1565, Ely, Cambridgeshire, England d. 18 Nov 1654, London, England (Age 89 years)
  Relationship	natural
  Marriage	1591	Ely, Cambridgeshire, England   [4, 5]
  Family ID	F2737	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Elizabeth Bourchier,   b. 1598, Felsted, Essex, England d. 1672, Cambridgeshire, England (Age 74 years)
  Marriage	22 Aug 1620	St Giles Cripplegate, London, England   [1]
  Family ID	F2888	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	21 Jul 2025

  
  

• Event Map

  Birth - 25 Apr 1599 - Huntington, Herefordshire, England Baptism - Nov 1599 - Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England Marriage - 22 Aug 1620 - St Giles Cripplegate, London, England Death - 3 Sep 1658 - Huntington, Herefordshire, England  = Link to Google Earth

  
  

• Arms Icons & Insignia		Arms-CoA of CROMWELL Oliver Arms of the Protectorate
  		Arms-Crest of Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England "Coat of Arms of the Protectorate (1653–1659)" by SodacanThis vector image was created with Inkscape. - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Protectorate_(1653%E2%80%931659).svg#/media/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Protectorate_(1653%E2%80%931659).svg

  
  

  Burials

  Tomb-CROMWELL Oliver On January 30, 1661, the anniversary of the execution of Charles I, Cromwell's body was exhumed and taken by sledge to Tyburn. The procession was greeted by the sounds of outcry and curses from the people. The corpse was hanged from the gallows for a day and at evening the body was buried beneath the gibbet. The head was taken to Westminster Hall,…

  
  

  Old World

  _Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 Apr 1599 – 3 Sep 1658) was a politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian army and latterly as a politician. A leading advocate of the Execution…

  
  

  Places

  Statue of Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell statue outside the Palace of Westminster http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Cromwell_statue,_Westminster.jpg

  
  

  Wars & Battles		War-Execution of Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton The execution of the bodies of Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton, from a contemporary print http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Execution_of_Cromwell,_Bradshaw_and_Ireton,_1661.jpg
  		War-Execution Trial of Charles I From "Nalson's Record of the Trial of Charles I, 1688" in the British Museum. Taken by J. Nalson, L. L. D., Jan.4th, 1683 London, 1684, folio. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Court-charles-I-sm.jpg

  
  

• Sources

  [S54] Ancestry Family Trees, (Name: Online publication - Provo, UT : Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.;), Database online. Record for Oliver Cromwell http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=pubmembertrees&h=12599383956&indiv=try [S10709] FindAGrave Old World (Famous), Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658 - English Lord Protector. English Lord Protector. He was an English general, statesman, and Puritan leader during the English Civil War. When he defeated Charles I, he had the king executed in 1649 and became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1653. This was the only time in English history that the monarchy had been ousted. He died of natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. In 1660 the monarchy was restored by Charles II, the son of Charles I. On January 30, 1661, the anniversary of the execution of Charles I, Cromwell's body was exhumed and taken by sleigh through snow to Tyburn. The procession was greeted by the sounds of outcry and curses from the people. The corpse was hanged from the gallows for a day, and by that evening, the body was buried beneath the gibbet. His head was taken to Westminster Hall, where it was exhibited on a pole until near the end of Charles II's reign in 1685. His head passed through many hands before coming into the care of Sydney Sussex College in 1960. There is a marker at each burial site. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6164/oliver_cromwell [S904] Wikipedia: Oliver Cromwell, (Name: Wikipedia;), Oliver Cromwell - Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was a politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian army and latterly as a politician. A leading advocate of the Execution of Charles I in January 1649, which led to the establishment of The Protectorate, he ruled as Lord Protector from December 1653 until his death in September 1658. Cromwell remains a controversial figure due to his use of the army to acquire political power, and the brutality of his 1649 campaign in Ireland.[2] Educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Cromwell was elected MP for Huntingdon in 1628. The first 40 years of his life were undistinguished and at one point he contemplated emigration to New England. He became a religious Independent in the 1630s and thereafter believed his successes were the result of Divine providence. While he generally supported tolerance for the various Protestant sects of the time, he later opposed those he considered heretical, such as Quakers and Fifth Monarchists.[3] In 1640, Cromwell was returned as MP for Cambridge in the Short and Long Parliaments, and joined the Parliamentarian army when the First English Civil War began in August 1642. He quickly demonstrated his military abilities and in 1645 was appointed commander of the New Model Army cavalry under Sir Thomas Fairfax, playing a key role in defeating the Royalists in the First and Second English Civil Wars. Following execution of Charles I and exile of his son, military victories in Ireland and against the Scots from 1649 to 1651 firmly established the Commonwealth and Cromwell's dominance of the new republican regime. In December 1653, he was named Lord Protector of the Commonwealth,[a] a position he retained until his death in September 1658, when he was succeeded by his son Richard, whose weakness led to a power vacuum. This culminated in the 1660 Stuart Restoration, when Charles II returned to the throne, after which Cromwell's body was removed from its resting place in Westminster Abbey and displayed at Tyburn. His head was placed on a spike outside the Tower of London, where it remained for 30 years until reburied at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Cromwell has been variously described as a military dictator by Winston Churchill,[4] and as a hero of liberty by John Milton, Thomas Carlyle, and Samuel Rawson Gardiner. The debate over his historical reputation continues. First proposed in 1856, his statue outside the Houses of Parliament was not erected until 1895, most of the funds being privately supplied by Lord Rosebery, then Prime Minister https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell [S54] Ancestry Family Trees, (Name: Online publication - Provo, UT : Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.;), Database online. Record for Robert Cromwell http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=pubmembertrees&h=6019352005&indiv=try [S54] Ancestry Family Trees, (Name: Online publication - Provo, UT : Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.;), Database online. Record for Elizabeth Steward, Stewart http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=pubmembertrees&h=1317206326&indiv=try